制造业中的可追溯性

1. 简介

在竞争激烈的制造业中，确保从客户需求到最终产品质量的全流程可追溯性对于合规性、效率和创新至关重要。本用例展示了一个 5G 路由器的可追溯性平台，集成了来自 Salesforce (SFDC)、DOORS（需求管理）、Pront（设计规范）和质量中心（Quality Centres）的数据。在 Neo4j 的支持下，它连接了孤立的数据，以实时追踪需求、设计、测试用例和质量问题。这使制造商能够识别瓶颈、执行根本原因分析并评估影响，从而缩短上市时间并提高产品可靠性。

2. 应用场景

为了理解制造业中可追溯性的价值，请考虑生产 5G 路由器等复杂产品时所面临的挑战，数据孤岛会导致效率低下和风险。以下三个关键领域说明了这些问题：

  1. 数据孤岛集成

    • SFDC 中的客户请求与 DOORS 中的工程需求脱节，导致不一致。

    • Pront 中的设计规范与质量中心中的测试结果相互隔离，导致依赖关系被忽略。

    • 如果没有统一的追踪，识别客户需求如何转化为已测试功能的过程非常耗时。

  2. 根本原因与影响分析

    • 失败的测试（例如频段切换问题）很难追溯到需求或设计。

    • 某一领域的变化（例如设计更新）可能会对质量产生未知的下游影响。

    • 传统工具难以处理复杂的依赖关系，从而延误问题解决并增加成本。

  3. 合规性与质量保证

    • 法规要求对审计和质量控制进行全面的可追溯性管理。

    • 手动流程容易出错，且在证明合规性方面效率低下。

    • 如果没有对问题的积极可见性，制造商将面临召回、罚款或声誉受损的风险。

这些场景凸显了使用 Neo4j 可追溯性平台等基于图的解决方案的必要性，该平台可联合数据并实现实时查询，从而在制造业中实现更好的决策。

3. 解决方案

先进的图数据库（如 Neo4j）对于管理制造业可追溯性中相互关联的数据至关重要。它们擅长建模跨系统关系，使追踪谱系和分析影响变得简单。通过将需求、设计和测试表示为图形，组织可以联合孤立的数据、发现隐藏的问题并确保合规性，从而提高生产中的灵活性和质量。

3.1. 图数据库如何提供帮助？

图数据库为制造业的可追溯性挑战提供了强大的解决方案。以下是图数据库不可或缺的五个关键原因：

  1. 关系映射：图形自然地将客户请求与需求、设计和测试连接起来，克服了数据孤岛。

  2. 实时追踪：它们支持高效的上游/下游查询，用于根本原因和影响分析。

  3. 可扩展的联合：图形无需复制即可集成来自多个来源的数据，从而处理复杂的依赖关系。

  4. 可视化与探索：Bloom 等工具提供了直观的视图，用于探索谱系和发现异常。

  5. 合规性支持：图形通过提供可追踪的路径来简化审计，确保对法规的遵守。

这些特性使图数据库成为解决制造业可追溯性问题的关键。

4. 建模

本节演示示例图上的 Cypher 查询。目的是展示查询结构并指导生产中的数据建模。我们将使用一个小型图形，其中节点表示客户请求、需求、设计和测试用例，基于以下数据模型：

4.1. 数据模型

engineering traceability model

4.1.1 所需数据字段

以下是开始所需的字段

  • CustomerRequest 节点

    • id: 唯一标识符（例如 "CR001"）

    • description: 请求描述

    • status: 状态（例如 "Approved"）

    • source: 源系统（例如 "SFDC"）

  • Requirement 节点

    • id: 唯一标识符（例如 "REQ001"）

    • title: 需求标题

    • description: 描述

    • status: 状态（例如 "Active"）

    • source: 源系统（例如 "Doors"）

  • Design 节点

    • id: 唯一标识符（例如 "DES001"）

    • name: 设计名称

    • description: 描述

    • status: 状态（例如 "In Progress"）

    • source: 源系统（例如 "Pront"）

  • TestCase 节点

    • id: 唯一标识符（例如 "TC001"）

    • title: 测试用例标题

    • description: 描述

    • status: 状态（例如 "Passed"）

    • source: 源系统（例如 "Quality Centres"）

  • SATISFIES 关系：从 CustomerRequest 到 Requirement

  • IMPLEMENTED_BY 关系：从 Requirement 到 Design

  • DEPENDS_ON 关系：设计之间

  • TESTED_BY 关系：从 Design 到 TestCase

4.1.2 所需参数

此用例不需要特定参数，因为查询是在节点属性（如 id）上执行的。

4.2. 演示数据

以下 Cypher 语句将在 Neo4j 数据库中创建示例图：

// Existing 70 Nodes (unchanged from previous, for reference)
CREATE (cr1:CustomerRequest {id: "CR001", description: "Customer needs 5G router with 10Gbps throughput", status: "Approved", source: "SFDC"})
CREATE (cr2:CustomerRequest {id: "CR002", description: "Customer requests low power consumption", status: "Approved", source: "SFDC"})
CREATE (cr3:CustomerRequest {id: "CR003", description: "Customer needs 4G/5G seamless handover", status: "Pending", source: "SFDC"})
CREATE (cr4:CustomerRequest {id: "CR004", description: "Customer wants remote diagnostics", status: "Approved", source: "SFDC"})
CREATE (cr5:CustomerRequest {id: "CR005", description: "Customer requires 1ms latency", status: "Approved", source: "SFDC"})
CREATE (cr6:CustomerRequest {id: "CR006", description: "Customer needs ruggedized design", status: "Approved", source: "SFDC"})
CREATE (cr7:CustomerRequest {id: "CR007", description: "Customer requests multi-band support", status: "Pending", source: "SFDC"})
CREATE (cr8:CustomerRequest {id: "CR008", description: "Customer wants easy firmware updates", status: "Approved", source: "SFDC"})
CREATE (cr9:CustomerRequest {id: "CR009", description: "Customer needs high availability", status: "Approved", source: "SFDC"})
CREATE (cr10:CustomerRequest {id: "CR010", description: "Customer requests cost-effective design", status: "Approved", source: "SFDC"})

CREATE (req1:Requirement {id: "REQ001", title: "10Gbps Throughput", description: "Router must support 10Gbps", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req2:Requirement {id: "REQ002", title: "4G Compatibility", description: "Support existing 4G networks", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req3:Requirement {id: "REQ003", title: "Low Power", description: "Max 50W consumption", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req4:Requirement {id: "REQ004", title: "Power Efficiency", description: "Optimize for energy saving", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req5:Requirement {id: "REQ005", title: "Remote Diagnostics", description: "Enable remote monitoring", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req6:Requirement {id: "REQ006", title: "Diagnostics UI", description: "User-friendly diagnostics interface", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req7:Requirement {id: "REQ007", title: "1ms Latency", description: "Achieve 1ms latency", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req8:Requirement {id: "REQ008", title: "Latency Stability", description: "Consistent 1ms under load", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req9:Requirement {id: "REQ009", title: "Rugged Design", description: "Withstand extreme conditions", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req10:Requirement {id: "REQ010", title: "Durability", description: "Pass drop test", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req11:Requirement {id: "REQ011", title: "Multi-Band", description: "Support multiple frequency bands", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req12:Requirement {id: "REQ012", title: "Band Switching", description: "Seamless band transitions", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req13:Requirement {id: "REQ013", title: "Firmware Updates", description: "Support OTA updates", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req14:Requirement {id: "REQ014", title: "Update Security", description: "Secure firmware updates", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req15:Requirement {id: "REQ015", title: "High Availability", description: "99.9% uptime", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req16:Requirement {id: "REQ016", title: "Failover", description: "Automatic failover mechanism", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req17:Requirement {id: "REQ017", title: "Cost Reduction", description: "Reduce BOM cost by 10%", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req18:Requirement {id: "REQ018", title: "Material Cost", description: "Use cost-effective materials", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req19:Requirement {id: "REQ019", title: "Throughput Backup", description: "Fallback to 5Gbps if needed", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req20:Requirement {id: "REQ020", title: "Diagnostics Logging", description: "Log diagnostics data", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})

CREATE (des1:Design {id: "DES001", name: "Throughput Module", description: "10Gbps hardware", status: "In Progress", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des2:Design {id: "DES002", name: "Compatibility Layer", description: "4G/5G software", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des3:Design {id: "DES003", name: "Power Unit", description: "Low-power hardware", status: "In Progress", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des4:Design {id: "DES004", name: "Power Optimizer", description: "Energy-saving software", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des5:Design {id: "DES005", name: "Diagnostics Core", description: "Remote diagnostics engine", status: "In Progress", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des6:Design {id: "DES006", name: "Diagnostics UI", description: "Diagnostics interface", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des7:Design {id: "DES007", name: "Latency Processor", description: "1ms latency hardware", status: "In Progress", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des8:Design {id: "DES008", name: "Latency Stabilizer", description: "Latency control software", status: "In Progress", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des9:Design {id: "DES009", name: "Rugged Chassis", description: "Durable casing", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des10:Design {id: "DES010", name: "Shock Absorber", description: "Drop protection", status: "In Progress", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des11:Design {id: "DES011", name: "Multi-Band Antenna", description: "Multi-frequency support", status: "In Progress", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des12:Design {id: "DES012", name: "Band Switcher", description: "Band transition software", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des13:Design {id: "DES013", name: "Firmware Module", description: "OTA update system", status: "In Progress", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des14:Design {id: "DES014", name: "Security Layer", description: "Firmware security", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des15:Design {id: "DES015", name: "HA Controller", description: "High availability system", status: "In Progress", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des16:Design {id: "DES016", name: "Failover Logic", description: "Failover software", status: "In Progress", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des17:Design {id: "DES017", name: "Cost Analyzer", description: "BOM cost reduction tool", status: "In Progress", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des18:Design {id: "DES018", name: "Material Selector", description: "Cost-effective materials", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des19:Design {id: "DES019", name: "Backup Throughput", description: "5Gbps fallback", status: "In Progress", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des20:Design {id: "DES020", name: "Diagnostics Logger", description: "Diagnostics logging", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"})

CREATE (tc1:TestCase {id: "TC001", title: "Throughput Stress", description: "Test 10Gbps load", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc2:TestCase {id: "TC002", title: "4G Compatibility", description: "Test 4G/5G handover", status: "Failed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc3:TestCase {id: "TC003", title: "Power Consumption", description: "Measure under 50W", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc4:TestCase {id: "TC004", title: "Power Efficiency", description: "Test energy saving", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc5:TestCase {id: "TC005", title: "Diagnostics Check", description: "Verify remote access", status: "In Progress", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc6:TestCase {id: "TC006", title: "UI Usability", description: "Test diagnostics UI", status: "Failed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc7:TestCase {id: "TC007", title: "Latency Test", description: "Measure 1ms latency", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc8:TestCase {id: "TC008", title: "Latency Load", description: "Test 1ms under load", status: "In Progress", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc9:TestCase {id: "TC009", title: "Ruggedness Test", description: "Test extreme conditions", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc10:TestCase {id: "TC010", title: "Drop Test", description: "Test drop resistance", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc11:TestCase {id: "TC011", title: "Band Support", description: "Test multi-band", status: "In Progress", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc12:TestCase {id: "TC012", title: "Band Switch", description: "Test band switching", status: "Failed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc13:TestCase {id: "TC013", title: "Firmware Update", description: "Test OTA update", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc14:TestCase {id: "TC014", title: "Security Test", description: "Test update security", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc15:TestCase {id: "TC015", title: "Uptime Test", description: "Test 99.9% uptime", status: "In Progress", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc16:TestCase {id: "TC016", title: "Failover Test", description: "Test failover", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc17:TestCase {id: "TC017", title: "Cost Validation", description: "Verify 10% cost reduction", status: "In Progress", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc18:TestCase {id: "TC018", title: "Material Test", description: "Test material durability", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc19:TestCase {id: "TC019", title: "Backup Throughput", description: "Test 5Gbps fallback", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc20:TestCase {id: "TC020", title: "Log Verification", description: "Test diagnostics logging", status: "Failed", source: "Quality Centres"})

// New "Mostly Ok" Data (~30 additional nodes)
// New Requirements (15 nodes, tied to CR001 and others)
CREATE (req21:Requirement {id: "REQ021", title: "Signal Strength", description: "Maintain 90% signal", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req22:Requirement {id: "REQ022", title: "Noise Reduction", description: "Reduce noise by 20dB", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req23:Requirement {id: "REQ023", title: "Heat Dissipation", description: "Max temp 50C", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req24:Requirement {id: "REQ024", title: "Fan Control", description: "Dynamic fan speed", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req25:Requirement {id: "REQ025", title: "Port Density", description: "Support 8 ports", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req26:Requirement {id: "REQ026", title: "Port Speed", description: "Each port at 1Gbps", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req27:Requirement {id: "REQ027", title: "LED Indicators", description: "Status LEDs per port", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req28:Requirement {id: "REQ028", title: "Config UI", description: "Web-based config", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req29:Requirement {id: "REQ029", title: "Backup Power", description: "Battery backup 1hr", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req30:Requirement {id: "REQ030", title: "Surge Protection", description: "Protect against surges", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req31:Requirement {id: "REQ031", title: "Throughput Monitor", description: "Real-time throughput display", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req32:Requirement {id: "REQ032", title: "Error Logging", description: "Log errors for analysis", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req33:Requirement {id: "REQ033", title: "QoS Support", description: "Quality of Service features", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req34:Requirement {id: "REQ034", title: "VLAN Support", description: "Support VLAN tagging", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})
CREATE (req35:Requirement {id: "REQ035", title: "Encryption", description: "AES-256 encryption", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})

// New Designs (15 nodes, mostly "Complete")
CREATE (des21:Design {id: "DES021", name: "Signal Amplifier", description: "Boost signal strength", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des22:Design {id: "DES022", name: "Noise Filter", description: "Reduce interference", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des23:Design {id: "DES023", name: "Cooling System", description: "Heat dissipation unit", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des24:Design {id: "DES024", name: "Fan Controller", description: "Dynamic fan control", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des25:Design {id: "DES025", name: "Port Hub", description: "8-port hardware", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des26:Design {id: "DES026", name: "Port Driver", description: "1Gbps port software", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des27:Design {id: "DES027", name: "LED Module", description: "Port status LEDs", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des28:Design {id: "DES028", name: "Config Interface", description: "Web config UI", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des29:Design {id: "DES029", name: "Battery Unit", description: "1hr backup power", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des30:Design {id: "DES030", name: "Surge Protector", description: "Surge protection circuit", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des31:Design {id: "DES031", name: "Throughput Display", description: "Real-time monitor", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des32:Design {id: "DES032", name: "Error Logger", description: "Error logging system", status: "In Progress", source: "Pront"}) // Rare issue
CREATE (des33:Design {id: "DES033", name: "QoS Engine", description: "Quality of Service logic", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des34:Design {id: "DES034", name: "VLAN Module", description: "VLAN tagging support", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des35:Design {id: "DES035", name: "Encryption Core", description: "AES-256 implementation", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})

// New Test Cases (15 nodes, mostly "Passed")
CREATE (tc21:TestCase {id: "TC021", title: "Signal Test", description: "Verify 90% signal", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc22:TestCase {id: "TC022", title: "Noise Test", description: "Measure 20dB reduction", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc23:TestCase {id: "TC023", title: "Heat Test", description: "Max temp 50C", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc24:TestCase {id: "TC024", title: "Fan Test", description: "Test dynamic fan", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc25:TestCase {id: "TC025", title: "Port Count", description: "Verify 8 ports", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc2610:TestCase {id: "TC026", title: "Port Speed", description: "Test 1Gbps per port", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc27:TestCase {id: "TC027", title: "LED Test", description: "Verify LED function", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc28:TestCase {id: "TC028", title: "Config Test", description: "Test web UI", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc29:TestCase {id: "TC029", title: "Battery Test", description: "Verify 1hr backup", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc30:TestCase {id: "TC030", title: "Surge Test", description: "Test surge protection", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc31:TestCase {id: "TC031", title: "Throughput Display", description: "Test real-time display", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc32:TestCase {id: "TC032", title: "Error Log Test", description: "Verify error logging", status: "Failed", source: "Quality Centres"}) // Rare issue
CREATE (tc33:TestCase {id: "TC033", title: "QoS Test", description: "Test QoS features", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc34:TestCase {id: "TC034", title: "VLAN Test", description: "Test VLAN tagging", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})
CREATE (tc35:TestCase {id: "TC035", title: "Encryption Test", description: "Test AES-256", status: "Passed", source: "Quality Centres"})

// Existing Relationships (unchanged, abbreviated for brevity)
CREATE (cr1)-[:SATISFIES]->(req1) CREATE (cr1)-[:SATISFIES]->(req19)
CREATE (cr2)-[:SATISFIES]->(req3) CREATE (cr2)-[:SATISFIES]->(req4)
CREATE (cr3)-[:SATISFIES]->(req2) CREATE (cr4)-[:SATISFIES]->(req5)
CREATE (cr4)-[:SATISFIES]->(req6) CREATE (cr4)-[:SATISFIES]->(req20)
CREATE (cr5)-[:SATISFIES]->(req7) CREATE (cr5)-[:SATISFIES]->(req8)
CREATE (cr6)-[:SATISFIES]->(req9) CREATE (cr6)-[:SATISFIES]->(req10)
CREATE (cr7)-[:SATISFIES]->(req11) CREATE (cr7)-[:SATISFIES]->(req12)
CREATE (cr8)-[:SATISFIES]->(req13) CREATE (cr8)-[:SATISFIES]->(req14)
CREATE (cr9)-[:SATISFIES]->(req15) CREATE (cr9)-[:SATISFIES]->(req16)
CREATE (cr10)-[:SATISFIES]->(req17) CREATE (cr10)-[:SATISFIES]->(req18)

CREATE (req1)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des1) CREATE (req19)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des1)
CREATE (req2)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des2) CREATE (req3)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des3)
CREATE (req4)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des4) CREATE (req5)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des5)
CREATE (req6)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des6) CREATE (req20)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des6)
CREATE (req7)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des7) CREATE (req8)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des8)
CREATE (req9)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des9) CREATE (req10)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des10)
CREATE (req11)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des11) CREATE (req12)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des12)
CREATE (req13)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des13) CREATE (req14)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des14)
CREATE (req15)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des15) CREATE (req16)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des16)
CREATE (req17)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des17) CREATE (req18)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des18)
CREATE (req19)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des19)

CREATE (des1)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc1) CREATE (des1)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc19)
CREATE (des2)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc2) CREATE (des3)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc3)
CREATE (des4)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc4) CREATE (des5)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc5)
CREATE (des6)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc6) CREATE (des6)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc20)
CREATE (des7)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc7) CREATE (des8)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc8)
CREATE (des9)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc9) CREATE (des10)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc10)
CREATE (des11)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc11) CREATE (des12)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc12)
CREATE (des13)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc13) CREATE (des14)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc14)
CREATE (des15)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc15) CREATE (des16)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc16)
CREATE (des17)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc17) CREATE (des18)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc18)

CREATE (des1)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des2) CREATE (des1)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des7)
CREATE (des2)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des11) CREATE (des5)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des6)
CREATE (des7)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des8) CREATE (des11)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des12)
CREATE (des13)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des14) CREATE (des15)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des16)

// New Relationships (mostly "Complete" and "Passed")
CREATE (cr1)-[:SATISFIES]->(req21)  // Tie some new reqs to CR001 for density
CREATE (cr1)-[:SATISFIES]->(req22)
CREATE (cr1)-[:SATISFIES]->(req31)
CREATE (cr2)-[:SATISFIES]->(req23)
CREATE (cr2)-[:SATISFIES]->(req24)
CREATE (cr3)-[:SATISFIES]->(req25)
CREATE (cr3)-[:SATISFIES]->(req26)
CREATE (cr4)-[:SATISFIES]->(req27)
CREATE (cr5)-[:SATISFIES]->(req28)
CREATE (cr6)-[:SATISFIES]->(req29)
CREATE (cr7)-[:SATISFIES]->(req30)
CREATE (cr8)-[:SATISFIES]->(req32)
CREATE (cr9)-[:SATISFIES]->(req33)
CREATE (cr10)-[:SATISFIES]->(req34)
CREATE (cr10)-[:SATISFIES]->(req35)

CREATE (req21)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des21)
CREATE (req22)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des22)
CREATE (req23)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des23)
CREATE (req24)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des24)
CREATE (req25)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des25)
CREATE (req26)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des26)
CREATE (req27)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des27)
CREATE (req28)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des28)
CREATE (req29)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des29)
CREATE (req30)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des30)
CREATE (req31)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des31)
CREATE (req32)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des32)
CREATE (req33)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des33)
CREATE (req34)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des34)
CREATE (req35)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des35)

CREATE (des21)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc21)
CREATE (des22)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc22)
CREATE (des23)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc23)
CREATE (des24)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc24)
CREATE (des25)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc25)
CREATE (des26)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc26)
CREATE (des27)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc27)
CREATE (des28)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc28)
CREATE (des29)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc29)
CREATE (des30)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc30)
CREATE (des31)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc31)
CREATE (des32)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc32)
CREATE (des33)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc33)
CREATE (des34)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc34)
CREATE (des35)-[:TESTED_BY]->(tc35)
CREATE (des1)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des21)
CREATE (des2)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des25)
CREATE (des21)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des22)
CREATE (des23)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des24)
CREATE (des25)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des26)
CREATE (des31)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des28)

5. Cypher 查询

这些 Cypher 查询兼容 Neo4j 5.9+ 版本以及 Cypher 5 或 25。

5.1. 显示图形模型

此查询可视化模式

CALL db.schema.visualization()

5.2. 显示客户请求

此查询检索特定的客户请求

MATCH (x:CustomerRequest {id:"CR001"})
RETURN x

5.3. 客户请求的上游依赖项

此查询从客户请求进行上游追踪

MATCH path = (x:CustomerRequest {id:"CR001"})-[:SATISFIES]->{0,1}(y:Requirement)
OPTIONAL MATCH opt1_path=(y)
  (()-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY|DEPENDS_ON]->(d:Design))*
  ()-[:TESTED_BY]->{0,1}(t)
RETURN path, opt1_path

5.4. 客户请求的根本原因分析

此查询执行根本原因分析

MATCH path = (x:CustomerRequest {id:"CR001"})-[:SATISFIES]->{0,1}(y:Requirement)
(()-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY|DEPENDS_ON]->(ds:Design WHERE ds.status <> "Complete"))*(d)
OPTIONAL MATCH opt = (d)-[:TESTED_BY]->{0,1}(t:TestCase WHERE t.status <> "Passed")
RETURN path, opt

5.6. 测试用例的影响分析

此查询评估来自测试用例的影响

MATCH path = (tc:TestCase {id: "TC012"})<-[:TESTED_BY]-(d:Design)
<-[:DEPENDS_ON]-*(:Design)
<-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]-(requirement)<-[:SATISFIES]-(request)
RETURN path

5.7. 彩蛋：长依赖链

为了展示可扩展性，添加一条长链（彩蛋摄入脚本）

// Easter Egg: 20-Hop Dependency Chain
MATCH (cr1:CustomerRequest {id:"CR001"} )
// New Requirement tied to CR001
CREATE (req36:Requirement {id: "REQ036", title: "Quantum Stability", description: "Ensure quantum flux stability for 10Gbps", status: "Active", source: "Doors"})

// 20 Design Nodes in a Linear Chain
CREATE (des36:Design {id: "DES036", name: "Quantum Initiator", description: "Starts quantum flux", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des37:Design {id: "DES037", name: "Flux Modulator", description: "Modulates flux waves", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des38:Design {id: "DES038", name: "Phase Aligner", description: "Aligns quantum phases", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des39:Design {id: "DES039", name: "Wave Synchronizer", description: "Syncs wave patterns", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des40:Design {id: "DES040", name: "Entanglement Core", description: "Manages entanglement", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des41:Design {id: "DES041", name: "Spin Regulator", description: "Regulates particle spin", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des42:Design {id: "DES042", name: "Coherence Filter", description: "Filters coherence noise", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des43:Design {id: "DES043", name: "Pulse Amplifier", description: "Amplifies quantum pulses", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des44:Design {id: "DES044", name: "Resonance Tuner", description: "Tunes resonance freq", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des45:Design {id: "DES045", name: "Beam Splitter", description: "Splits quantum beams", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des46:Design {id: "DES046", name: "Photon Gate", description: "Gates photon flow", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des47:Design {id: "DES047", name: "Waveguide", description: "Guides quantum waves", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des48:Design {id: "DES048", name: "Interference Shield", description: "Shields interference", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des49:Design {id: "DES049", name: "Flux Capacitor", description: "Stores quantum flux", status: "Delayed", source: "Pront"}) // Back to the Future nod
CREATE (des50:Design {id: "DES050", name: "Temporal Adjuster", description: "Adjusts time dilation", status: "In Progress", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des51:Design {id: "DES051", name: "Gravity Compensator", description: "Compensates gravity", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des52:Design {id: "DES052", name: "Energy Converter", description: "Converts flux energy", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des53:Design {id: "DES053", name: "Signal Booster", description: "Boosts final signal", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des54:Design {id: "DES054", name: "Stability Monitor", description: "Monitors stability", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"})
CREATE (des55:Design {id: "DES055", name: "Quantum Terminator", description: "Terminates flux chain", status: "Complete", source: "Pront"}) // The twist!

// Relationships for the Chain
CREATE (cr1)-[:SATISFIES]->(req36)
CREATE (req36)-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY]->(des36)
CREATE (des36)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des37)
CREATE (des37)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des38)
CREATE (des38)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des39)
CREATE (des39)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des40)
CREATE (des40)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des41)
CREATE (des41)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des42)
CREATE (des42)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des43)
CREATE (des43)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des44)
CREATE (des44)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des45)
CREATE (des45)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des46)
CREATE (des46)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des47)
CREATE (des47)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des48)
CREATE (des48)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des49)
CREATE (des49)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des50)
CREATE (des50)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des51)
CREATE (des51)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des52)
CREATE (des52)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des53)
CREATE (des53)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des54)
CREATE (des54)-[:DEPENDS_ON]->(des55)

5.8. 使用彩蛋重播上游依赖

此查询展示了长链上的快速遍历

MATCH path = (x:CustomerRequest {id:"CR001"})-[:SATISFIES]->{0,1}(y:Requirement)
OPTIONAL MATCH opt1_path=(y)
  (()-[:IMPLEMENTED_BY|DEPENDS_ON]->(d:Design))*
  ()-[:TESTED_BY]->{0,1}(t)
RETURN path, opt1_path

6. 在 Neo4j Bloom 中探索

如需交互式探索，请将 linkspire_perspective.json 中的透视图导入 Neo4j Bloom。使用全文搜索（例如“Band Switching”）、自定义图标/样式以及场景操作，以便对来自 CR001 或 TC012 等节点的上游依赖项、根本原因和影响进行分析。查看 GitHub 仓库

© . This site is unofficial and not affiliated with Neo4j, Inc.